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Gainako on-line Newspaper (GON) Motto: Guardianship & Independence |
Intimacy levels between Dr. Yahya Jammeh, Chief Oppressor of Gambian citizens, and his spouse First Lady Zainab Jammeh are at an all time low due to Fatou Jow Manneh. In a sign that even those close to the corridors of power have a conscience, First Lady Zainab Jammeh has been harshly criticizing the President's foolish insistence that the beleaguered and heroic Fatou Jow Manneh be taught " a lesson". As the dynamic of Hillary Clinton's fight for the Democratic nomination shows, women tend to close ranks when they get the impression one of their kind is being piled on and the first lady's instincts are no different from any other female's. She is utterly disgusted and wants her husband to bring the journalist's fate to a dignified end. State House contacts have observed that the First Lady cannot hide her contempt for the President's infantile exhibition of power. She treats him condescendingly in the privacy of their quarters and although well mannered and polite to all staff, there is no hiding the fact that the relationship is severely hampered by the president's stubbornness. What is even more outrageous about the president's behavior towards the first lady is how he has been telling anyone who would listen that his wife is "moody" nowadays due to post-partum depression in the wake of their son's birth. This not only shows Yahya Jammeh for the callous individual that he is but also reflects his social perspective on women. The first lady is aware that even if Jammeh's pathetic courts hand him a victory, it'd be a hollow one at best and a pyrrhic debacle at worst. Every single day that goes by without a judicial and objective finality to Fatou Jow Manneh's case increases her reputation as a symbol of resistance to the Jammeh regime of shame. It also reduces his assiduously earned reputation as a swift punisher of enemies and rivals. Ms. Manneh is not rotting in jail like the less fortunate victims of the APRC. In fact, Yahya Jammeh secretly admires her guts and has been telling confidantes that Ms. Manneh would have made a perfect member of his government if only she had chosen the right side. In prolonging the farce of charges that his hack lawyers have ginned up against a brilliant and courageous journalist and not dealing a coup de grace to her credentials as a pe rson and respectable human being, Yahya Jammeh has allowed his reputation to sink into an irredeemable abyss. It is this sophisticated fight between hard power (Yahya Jammeh) and soft power (Fatou Jow Manneh) that the first lady shrewdly observed a long time ago and came to the conclusion that it will do her husband's already tattered image no good. Soft power is like jujitsu. It takes whatever hard power throws at it, absorbs it and adapts to counter it without changing the basic nature of resistance. This is the gist and lynchpin of the struggle between journalist Manneh and the APRC prosecutors. Her soft power will inflict a lot of damage to the Jammeh legacy before the case is mercifully closed. Even more damaging to President Jammeh is the fact that the first lady's relatives are worried about the fate of their daughter in the hands of someone who has been far from chivalrous in dealing with a woman he despises. First Lady Zainab Jammeh is pleading to end the Fatou Jow Manneh's case not only because she is a woman but also because every time Jammeh pulls a trick to delay justice being served, her own family dreads what will happen to her if Jammeh finds fault with their already dysfunctional and symbiotic union. The Watchman had not commented on the Fatou Jow Manneh case before because whatever the outcome, Yahya Jammeh loses and Fatou Jow Manneh wins. While Yahya Jammeh is operating on a justification of keeping power at all costs and pillaging and looting to do so, first lady Zainab Jammeh functions on a more humane plateau of respecting the rights of others and simply being fed up with the jarring visual effect of a woman constantly being dragged to jail like a common criminal. It should be noted that first lady Zainab Jammeh detests the negative influence Isatou Njie Saidy (the hippo) wields over her husband. The first lady believes, rightly or wrongly, that President Jammeh respects what the hippo has to say but barely acknowledges her when she tries to give input on matters of state. "You are my wife and Dr. Njie Saidy is my minister!" Jammeh says to his wife every time she tries to give sensible advice. One can only imagine the frustrat ion of The Gambia's first lady who had she been married to a more decent individual could have enjoyed the natural goodwill and love of The Gambian nation. The most potent force responsible for first Lady Zainab Jammeh's secret advocacy for Fatou Jow Manneh's release from state torment is envy. While Fatou Jow Manneh has shown a knack to defy power, terror and wealth, Gambia's first lady has been seduced by the luxury and aphrodisiac that residing at the pinnacle of provides. Like her caricature of a husband, she grudgingly respects Fatou Jow Manneh's indomitable attitude in the face of the Jammeh regime's hounds and wish she could muster the courage to free herself from the shackles and stench of a stagnant "government". Alas, she knows, like all of the cowardly ministers of the APRC, that she's in a mortal Catch 22: she realizes she cannot imagine what it means to be courageous, she has to act on that conviction. But is she prepared to pay the price at the hands of a retarded dictator? The author can be reached at Gambiaswatchman@gmail.com ....CRISIS IN ZIMBABWE .......THREAT TO WORLD PEACE AND SECURITY ...............................By Binneh S. Minteh…………….April 29th, 2007 In the aftermath of the last presidential and parliamentary elections in Zimbabwe, a growing international outcry on the unfolding political situation has become the abject concern of the international community. The opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) is widely believed to have swept both the parliamentary and presidential ticket with an overwhelming majority. The autocratic and totalitarian ZANU-PF (Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front) of Robert Mugabe has however manifested its intention of hanging on to power by and all means. This was manifested when the doctored Independent Electoral Commission has called on a recount of votes in up to 23 constituencies previously announced to be won by the forces of change in the impoverished South African nation. The commission is also yet to release the results of the presidential elections. A Chinese cargo ship (An Yue Jiang), that is carrying Rocket Propelled Grenades, millions of munitions, and other deadly weapons destined for Zimbabwe was also refused docking at a South African port. It is also reported that the vessel has disappeared from international radars. With an appalling economic situation and a deteriorating human rights situation in Zimbabwe, the questions: What does the future hold for Zimbabwe, What actions should be taken by the regional organization (SADEC)?, What should the United Nations, the African Union, the European Union and the United States do to salvage Zimbabwe that is already on the brink of economic and political collapse, have taken center stage of international affairs. The response to the above questions has been tabled in cubicles and conferences at not only the United Nations, but also from Washington to Downing Street in London, and from the meeting of Southern African States, to the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa. Although the outcome of all these meetings failed to solve the looming crisis in Zimbabwe, what is certain is that an international consensus on a fraudulent election and deteriorating economic and political situation in Zimbabwe has been reached. With such a consensus, the international community is yet to take firm actions to ensure that the constitutional rights of Zimbabwe citizens manifested in the last elections is upheld and respected. President Mugabe maintained his iron grip to power and remained defiant. He also manipulated the principle of Sovereignty and vowed to defend the Sovereignty of a nation that he helped liberate. This was manifested in his marathon speech during Zimbabwe's last independence anniversary celebrations. He accused the opposition as agents bent on satisfying the interest of the West. There were also reports of more farm land seizures from the white minority; a troubling inhumane situation that must be condemned in all fronts. Although the "principle of Sovereignty" must be fully upheld by member states of the international community, it is "the responsibility to protect" that makes the crisis in Zimbabwe a moral obligation upon the International community. The Responsibility to protect citizens is an international commitment of governments across the world to prevent and react to grave crises, wherever they may occur. The principle was agreed upon in 2005 and it states that nations "have a primary responsibility to protect their own populations and that the international community has a responsibility to act when these governments fail to protect the most vulnerable among us." One fundamental element of the responsibility to protect is "The responsibility to prevent: to address both the root causes and direct causes of internal conflict and other man-made crises putting populations at risk. The ongoing political and economic crisis in Zimbabwe is no therefore no exceptions to the aforementioned international principles. There is a real crisis in Zimbabwe and the government of Robert Mugabe has failed in its responsibility to provide protection for its citizens. In a world and a region where democracy has emerged triumphant as the dominant political ideology, and also in a Zimbabwe were a notion of change is deeply rooted across communities, Robert Mugabe's assertion seem to be more of an illusion than a political reality. His regime may be in firm control, but nonetheless, out of touch with realities of a Zimbabwe wanting an exit for the autocratic ZANU-PF (Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front) rule under his leadership. In view of preventing an escalation of the crisis, and protecting citizens of Zimbabwe, efforts by both the United States, and the British government to search for the missing vessel, and to impose an arms embargo on Zimbabwe, is therefore a first step in the right direction. The African Union (AU), the South African Regional Organization (SADEC), the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN) and China must therefore reinforce efforts by the United States and the British government to search for the missing vessel and also impose an arms embargo on the autocratic and totalitarian regime of President Robert Mugabe ..................................... PROSE " STIMULUS-RESPONSE " ................Unbias Basic Instincts .............................By Essa Bokarr SEY ………………..April 28th, 2008 Today we are going to start with this. That is, diagnosing the lessons being spread by Dr 'Kufaarak' out in the streets. Everything in these lesson plans of our famous Dr 'Kufaaarak' is like what methodologists call the "stimulus-response". Here it is about repeating the names of objects over and over while looking at them or their visual aids. Chei! Afterwards these names will sink in the minds of a bewitched society period. All that matters here is identity not usage! No need to understand or use critical mindedness,simply repeat what is being said for the purpose of making noise! A method that has always been applied in places where "zombi-minded" performers maintain the order of the day. Reeling the image of this land of mythology on the huge screen of society is effective because Dr 'Kufaarak' has turned it into a classroom of false hopes. Here is an unqualified tutor with a huge club forcing his way through a lesson plan like an angry panther. Can you imagine the feeling of those in the class at this moment? Time is the head teacher whereas history is the inspectorate unit. Both will act along the way as this anrgy panther cum unqualified tutor is simply left in the classroom because the bewitched and the baffled have chosen to be civil instead of being evil. At anytime Dr 'Kufaarak' touches an object the papyrus of publicity tests repeats it over and over. That is the "stimulus". Then those citizens in a state of hysteria while groaning in pain are forced to respond. That is the "response"! Actually "stimulants" have their place in today's vocabulary of mishaps. What do they do? Nothing else other than harming brain cells. I can see a blind man with a cane being "cuddled" to trample upon the dry grass. Who is the principal character here? Dr 'Kufaarak'. Some can see but want to stay at the rear watching Dr! Such characters are doing so because they know the blind man cannot touch the good fruits in the orchard. What is their intension here? Pretend to be blind, walking side by side only to gather more fruits for their own future. Not for the benefit of this sacred land! Alright! here is where time and history will strike and strike hard! I remember reading a French writer's novel..."symphonie pastorale". Aaaaah! life sometimes really sucks! Sometimes it endlessly feeds on those veins of ours while pretending to be a partner along the way. Here again we are being reminded that life is not a player neither is it in itself the results we are awaiting. It is a plateau where we all can sit down and watch the activities reel. Do not try playing the game with life itself because life always stays to see all players come and go. Who wins or who loses is not what life is after. Life is a huge reflector where all we do and say hits then bounces back. Then my good friends, why not sit and think before saying or doing? How about seeing the endless euphoria on the papyrus of publicity tests? Where Dr 'Kuafaarak' is trying so hard to paddle. In his mind he is paddling pass that crying society which is wriggling on a sea of sand dunes? How about that? Can we ever fish from a sea of sand dunes? We maybe able to dig and get wild fruits during this hot daily range but nothing fresh would ever be seen. Endlessly attempting to clean dirt itself completes the whole story of a group in hysteria. It is good to dream sometimes but very dangerous to swim in lost illusions. Illusions go way beyond reasons and realism. They shouldn't be the expectations of a growing society that has been sniffing mud all these years. Not at all… You know when I look at Dr 'Kufaarak' visiting places and then in turn read the contents of the papyrus of publicity tests singing songs of success it makes me chuckle. For me that authenticates the trend that's growing within? A trend of self denial. Success where machines have been packed since 1989? Success where this machine was inherited by a visiting Dr 'Kufaarak' who took over from other cats he said were inept? Saying he is/was better? This makes me as another cat really see through the essence of an old proverb…"the infallibility of man is indispensable". A common proverb I and my classmates used to hear so many times from a former French teacher we had in Armitage High School . An educator in the name of Mr Abua King. However, what is bad is when man sees himself as someone who makes no mistakes! There and then he is shunning the essence of the proverb. Whereas the very essence of this saying is actually natural and realistic. In today's Cambi Bolongo we see deliberate attempts of making a saint out of satan or "Shaytaan" and a "Shaytaan" or satan out of saints who have passed all the tests of godly meanings! That is so dangerous for a nation. The danger in it today is not about seeing something negative in what the current cats are doing then reveal it. The danger is where these mortal beings see themselves within an organ that is "presumably" beyond reproach. Or lets say think they are beyond genuine criticism. That is like a boiling volcano. The magma cannot be held inside for ever it will come out in full force one day. Of course I do agree with the school of thought that shuns force. Force or wild calculations by any means necessary can also cause more havoc. There and then is where we need to converge on a center called concensus. I cannot agree more here with any cat calling for mature politics. The latter is true and doable. At least for the sake of posterity. Next will be this question? Can Dr 'Kufaarak' adjust? Hmmmm…..here is a challenge for me and for you! Does that mean one needs to organize a contest? Where it will be realism versus stoicism? Laugh at my naive part but do not laugh at the naive part of life. Life sometimes feeds on naviety anyway. Doesn't it? Yes it does cause past failures and past hypothetical calculations have left so much on the table for us to revisit. What a vast field of semantics here! A vast field yeah. This is the sea of ideas. Ideas matter, they matter so much for me as another cat in my corner. It pleases this cat when it sees other cats sending to different mediums all those good ideas of hope. It displeases this cat when it sees ideas of hopelessness being germinated. Hope is power! Like Barak Obama says..."Yes we can!" Although in our own case we will go beyond that. We will first of all ask ourselves this.. "Can do what?" Obama's zeal and shield stems from various factors. Some are historical others are contemporary. Ours cannot escape the same stem either. The tree is the same. This tree is called world community of nations! It is pleasing to see all cats talking the same language now! Maturity and consensus that's more than a kool aid in the middle of the Kalahari desert ! Where there is hope there is life. Our homeland will reach the peak. We will all agree one day with a lot of smiles. If the warring factions in Ivory Coast can make we can do so as well. There is a great mind who said this…"all wars end on the negotiating table therefore why not start from there?" This cat is gone for now see Ya! ...............................NEWS: Defence Counsel Fails to Show up in Court for the Second Time- By MFWA.........................April 28th, 2008 The protracted sedition trial against Fatou Jaw Manneh, a US-based Gambian journalist, was on April 24, 2008, adjourned to April 30 by Magistrate Buba Jawo of the Kanifing Magistrates Court. Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) sources in The Gambia reported that the adjournment was due to the absence of defence counsel, Lamin Jobarteh, who was said to be engaged in another case at the Brikama Magistrate Court. The Principal Magistrate Buba Jawo told the court that if Jobarteh failed to appear before the court at the next hearing, Fatou Jaw Manneh would have to resort to other means of defence. Jawo's harsh reaction is likely to be connected to the fact that Jobarteh also failed to appear before the court on April 14, 2008, allegedly due to illness. Manneh, who was arrested upon her arrival from the USA on March 28, 2007, has been charged with three counts of sedition, following a series of online articles she wrote criticising the regime of President Yahya Jammeh. Since the trial started more than a year ago, there has not been any significant progress. The recent adjournment is just the latest of a long list of events that have prolonged the case far beyond a reasonable timeframe. The journalist remains stranded in The Gambia, even though she had been living in the US for a decade prior to her arrest. ................................................ In Support of SAVE THE GAMBIA DEMOCRACY PROJECT ......................(STGDP) Dear Sir, I thank my friend Musa Jeng and by extension the rest of the STDGP leadership for their demonstrated dedication to the cause of freedom and democracy. Over the years they have immersed themselves in the important but largely thankless job of forging a working relationship among feuding political factions and like the art of sausage making, aspects of their endeavors weren't necessarily pretty as is always the case in these kinds of projects. Recriminations, anger and disappointment naturally ensued but ironically I believe the experience provided a steep but ultimately useful learning curve. As the Diaspora entity with the most experience in directly dealing with all the players, the lessons STDGP learned puts it in good stead to re-embark on the noble proposition that like minded Gambians can and must work together for the good of the country. As a citizen, I wholeheartedly support STDGP's underlying call for another attempt at giving democracy a fighting chance. Parties in the opposition by dint of their universal commitments to democracy, the rule of law and all the other values they share, are natural allies and there is no earthly reason why they can't be actual partners .Instead of dueling on what could have been, I suggest we all dedicate our collective efforts at crafting a simple workable approach that can bring us change first. Change is the only thing that would offer all political parties equal opportunities to effectively compete and we the Gambian people can live with vibrant even if occasionally bickering political parties in a proper democratic dispensation. What we can't afford is when political bickering becomes a near permanent hindrance to the change we desperately need and aborts the very cause of freedom and democracy itself. Let us all roll our sleeves and take another look at this important task cognizant of the inevitable distractions that would surely emerge. The easy route is to consign our country to the column of the irredeemable and let a tyrant run his banana republic. The honorable route however, is for citizens to transcend anger and disappointment and try their best. Karamba ...........................................................................................NEWS HUMAN TSUNAMI DESTROYS STRUCTURES OF THE POOR-Social Security Blamed ..........................By Solo, Banjul Correspondent…April 27th, 2008 The recent indiscriminate bulldozing of the houses of the poor people settling between Busumbala and Jambur did not come as a complete surprise to some observers. This reporter has earlier on reported on the impending land crisis in the whole of the Western region and concluded that if nothing is done about the matter, it has the potential to explode into a civil strife. The reporter was seen by two victims of what could best be described as a human tsunami when the physical planning authorities dressed in social security uniforms with police escorts bulldozed both the buildings of the poor as well as the cement block buildings of the well- to- do. This reporter visited the demolition site and saw buildings scattered as if a natural catastrophe has struck the entire area. He was shocked and perplexed by the number of homeless victims which includes over 60 families. When this reporter visited the Alkalo’s compound he found over 200 people belonging to about 60 families of various ethnic backgrounds, crying and some throwing themselves on the ground. The victims said they were never informed nor notified of the eviction order nor have they ever known that the area they occupy belongs to the Social security and Housing Finance Corporation. The village head also said he was never notified about the action, and expressed surprise on the whole thing.What surprised the villagers above all is the question, how the Social Security acquired such a huge land in their village without their knowledge. The Social Security which is established to help the poor workers acquire land and even support them after their retirement is now the institution that is unleashing the biggest tsunami of all times on the poor people in the name of helping the poor. What an irony? The housing Corporation should call a press conference to clarify matters. .............Adam Tensta Gambia's most recent Grammy winning musician ........................By: Alieu Khan, Åland Islands……..April, 27th, 2008 Adam Momodou Eriksson Taal is undoubtedly the current reigning hip hop star in the Scandinavia. Known by the stage name Adam Tensta, he was born on the 1st August 1983 in the Swedish capital, Stockholm. He has a Gambian father and a Swedish mum. This chart-topping musician grew up listening to Bob Marley. According to him, he was also in tune to what was happening in the genre of hip hop. As a young boy, he started with break dancing and with time he noticed that he has the potentials to write songs that stand the chance to be widely appreciated. Adam's debut album, It's a Tensta Thing was released in September 2007 by K-Wrek Records. It came at a time, when hip hop was almost dead in Sweden, a country that host lot of Gambian musicians. One of the songs in the album, My Cool led to his quick popularity. It was a well crafted techno with rap, which became the most demanded song in Swedish night clubs. It received a great airplay and currently it has hit about 1.5million views on Youtube. Adam is building hype globally, with his music capturing great attention. Already he has started performing with world musicians like Akon. According to him he never likes to compromise lyrical content. A young Swedish producer called Lucas Nathanson of Nate Productions believes that Adam's lyrical content is one of the major reasons why he is gaining great acclamation. The Gambian hip hop star is currently on popular demand and there are always loud applauses where ever he performs. What is not clear to this writer is whether Adam has built adequate attachment with his father's native country, The Gambia. Almost majority of Gambians music devotees in Sweden, are so proud of him and they felt he needs the support of every Gambian. On all his profiles it is clearly stated that his father is Gambian, but the million dollar question is; do Adam Tensta see himself as a Gambian? We were very proud recently when a Gambian-Swedish half-caste boxer, Badou Jack decided to represent The Gambia in the world business of sports. Badou is already on the lips of every Gambian both home and abroad and he has created name for himself by being Gambia's first qualified boxer for an Olympic games. He will be in Beijing to proudly represent his father's native country. In a chat with Mo Hawk, one of the vocalists of Gambia's most popular rap group Da Fugitivz, he was seemingly very proud of Adam and his talents. He already managed to secure an interview with him for the Senegalese National TV and this can be watched on http://www.myspace.com/mohawkdafugitivz. This writer has already arranged an interview with Adam Tensta and from the interview it will be clear if he is proud of his Gambian connection and if he has plans of storming the Gambia for a major gig. .........STGDP PRESS RELEASE: STGDP held a Retreat in Frankfort, KY last month to find a way forward and to explore political opportunities for 2011. The weekend retreat was held by the entire Executive of STGDP. The retreat was also seen by the organization as an opportunity to revisit the role of STGDP in the 2006 elections, in terms of missed opportunities and what could have been done to see the whole coalition process to a successful end. The anticipation was that such an exercise will help to carve a realistic way forward. The retreat started out by enumerating the successes and failures of STGDP, but the one issue that brought the most contentious debate was the revision of the decision made to endorse NADD after the UDP and NRP left the fold. Some of the members believed that the hasty endorsement of NADD did not help the organization in the credibility front in terms of engaging all sides of the divide; some of the other members still maintained that after the formation of NADD which the organization supported and endorsed, to walk away from it would have been seen as not principled and really a betrayal to the effort that we were at the forefront. In the final analysis, frank discussions have yielded positive insights into STGDP and will without a doubt help in the quest for a way forward. It is indeed an understatement that the disintegration of the coalition effort was a major blow to STGDP, disappointment led to frustration as the organization continued to struggle trying to keep the tiny flicker of hope. The members have invested lots of time, effort and financial commitment to the effort, and when the whole thing came crashing emotions took over and suspicions were at large. As the membership of STGDP eroded and a clear way forward became illusive, to the few members left were not sure how to proceed with the struggle. Of course, the arrest of one of our members, Fatou Jaw Manneh became the awakening to most of us, and a clear reminder that the fight to bring about democracy in the Gambia cannot be ever abandoned. We have had several telephone conferences - trying to seek a realistic frame work or way to continue the struggle against the status quo in the Gambia. After looking into different strategies: like forming a new political party, a direct engagement to the APRC, STGDP has really concluded that maybe there are still opportunities left in what was started, and that there is a need to go back to the drawing board and to reach out to all the players and begin the task of rapprochement. Even though, there was reluctance from some of the members, but the general consensus is that change can still be brought about under the leadership of Halifa, Ousainou, Hamat and OJ. The bottom line is that, it is really a question of political necessity to frame the opposition strategy among these players that have already build structures in the Gambia with grass support. STGDP is not advocating for the continuation of the template that was in place, but rather to start the arduous task of rebuilding a credible and effective opposition in the Gambia. The first goal is to build a solid voice among all activists in the Diaspora from all political parties. The second goal will be to start the rebuilding of trust between UDP and NADD, and to start a coordination of activities between the two parties. This is not about jumping and forming a coalition, or the recreation of NADD. But rather working together, and addressing issues that the principal opposition players can agree upon, especially against Jammeh and to take him on every turn until the election in 2011. As for the issue that the opposition disappointed the Diaspora, STGDP has finally come to terms that the road to democracy and a free Gambia is full of stumbling blocs, and it would be very naive on our part to expect positive results right away. The options are very clear we can either stay defeated, or go back to the drawing board and build a new strategy. For now, there is a renew enthusiasm among all the members of STGDP that it is indeed worth it to continue the struggle, no matter what temporal setbacks we are faced with. This is the price we are willing to pay to contribute in the building of democracy, peace and rule of law in the Gambian. STGDP still considers Ousainou, Halifa, Hamat and OJ as patriots that have given a lot and that their sacrifices and commitments cannot be overlooked, even though there were big political miss-opportunities that were not fully exploited in the last effort. STGDP is back and we are looking for a new beginning , and looking forward to working with all Gambians in the Diaspora to bring back the enthusiasm we once had in the early part of the 2006 coalition effort. Thanks Musa Jeng Chairman STGDP.................. Copyright, 2006-2008: Gainako On-line Newspaper . 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Quote of The Day |
OPINION Fight At State House Yahya Jammeh & First Lady Fight Over Fatou Jaw Manneh By The Watchman…………..April 29th, 2008 |
“ Throughout Gambian History, Political Parties are yet to demonstrate an orderly succession of power from one individual to another. All too often the individual is the party and the demise of the individual is in essence the demise of the Party ” ~ Momodou Laama Jallow - axioms of a shepherd |